The 33-year-old leader of Austria’s centre-right People’s Party (OeVP) Sebastian Kurz faced the start of a tough search for possible coalition partners on Monday, despite resounding success in parliamentary elections.

The OeVP won a clear victory with around 37 per cent in Sunday’s vote, a marked improvement on its performance in 2017 and a result which means Kurz will have the responsibility of sounding out other parties – which may now be an uphill task.

Kurz’s triumph comes even though his last government collapsed in May after his far-right coalition allies, the Freedom Party (FPOe), was engulfed in the “Ibiza-gate” corruption scandal which led to the resignation of its leader Heinz-Christian Strache.

In the week before the vote, the FPOe was hit by further allegations of expenses abuse by Strache and suffered a worse than expected loss, down almost 10 per cent from 2017 to around 16 per cent, according to projected results.

The OeVP-FPOe alliance – hailed as a model by nationalists across Europe, including Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban – now seems unlikely to be repeated as FPOe leaders took to the airwaves to say they would prefer to lick their wounds in opposition.

Dejected FPOe leader Norbert Hofer, who took over from Strache, says steps towards the “reconstruction” of the party will be announced in the coming days and has not ruled out expelling Strache if the expenses allegations turn out to be true.

Kurz – who became Austria’s youngest-ever chancellor at 31 in 2017 – may instead turn to Sunday’s other big winners, the Green party.

Helped by the climate crisis shooting up the list of voters’ concerns over the summer, the Greens were able to notch up their best-ever result of around 14 per cent – a dramatic reversal from 2017 when they failed to enter parliament.

The Greens and the OeVP already sit together in government in the provinces of Tyrol and Salzburg, which some have pointed to as an example that could be replicated on a national level.

However, cooperation on a national level may be more tricky. National Green leader Werner Kogler said on Sunday the party would need to reflect on whether a coalition “makes any sense whatsoever”.

“Radical change” would be necessary from the OeVP, Kogler said, pointing not only to action on climate change but also fighting corruption and poverty.

Polling by the SORA institute shows that both parties’ voters are sceptical of each other, with only 20 per cent of OeVP voters wanting to the see the Greens in government and 32 per cent of Green voters wanting the OeVP in government.

Kurz could also consider the most traditional form of governance in Austria, a “grand coalition” between the OeVP and the centre-left Social Democrats (SPOe).

But while mathematically possible, this is hampered by the fact that the SPOe share of the vote fell five points to around 22 per cent, the party’s worst post-war result in a parliamentary election.

As a result, SPOe leaders say that the party should undergo a period of reflection on how it can be reformed to better communicate its message.

In any event, it is unlikely that this option would be palatable to Kurz – who himself pulled the plug on the last grand coalition in 2017 – or to SPOe leader Pamela Rendi-Wagner, who had several heated exchanges with Kurz on the campaign trail.

According to political scientist Peter Filzmaier, “Kurz has to disappoint some of his voters, no matter who he goes into coalition with”.

For example, a partnership with either the SPOe or the Greens would be hard to explain to some 258,000 voters who are estimated to have switched to Kurz from the far-right.

A final option for Kurz would be a minority government.

“That has become very, very tempting” for him, says analyst Johannes Huber.

But even this scenario would need support from another party for the OeVP to survive key votes in parliament, failing which the country could be asked to go to polls again in a few months.