World leaders weighed easing lockdowns that threaten to tip the global economy into a second Great Depression.

The death toll from the pandemic has topped 129,000, with nearly two million people infected by the disease that has upended society and changed lives for billions confined to their homes around the globe.

World leaders are agonising over when to lift lockdown measures to jump-start devastated economies but still avoid a second wave of infections.

And with the world battling to get on top of the pandemic, Trump fired a broadside at the World Health Organisation (WHO) – based in Geneva, Switzerland – and halted payments that amounted to $400 million last year.

Funding would be frozen pending a review into the WHO’s role in “severely mismanaging and covering up the spread of the coronavirus”, said Trump, who accused the body of putting “political correctness above life-saving measures”.

The outbreak could have been contained “with very little death” if the WHO had accurately assessed the situation in China, where the disease broke out late last year, charged Trump.

He earned a rebuke from the head of the UN and entrepreneur Bill Gates who tweeted that cutting funding was “as dangerous as it sounds”.

The president’s controversial attack came as the US counted a record of 2,228 victims over the past 24 hours, a tally kept by Baltimore-based Johns Hopkins University shows.

Nevertheless, Trump vowed to reboot large sections of the world’s top economy “very soon”, saying the US would reopen “in beautiful little pieces”, with the hardest-hit areas such as New York taking slightly longer.

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) laid bare the scale of the economic catastrophe, saying the “Great Lockdown” could wipe $9 trillion from the global economy in its worst downturn since the 1930s Great Depression.

In a blog post, IMF chief economist Gita Gopinath said: “This is a truly global crisis as no country is spared … Much worse growth outcomes are possible and maybe even likely.

“This would follow if the pandemic and containment measures last longer, emerging and developing economies are even more severely hit, tight financial conditions persist, or if widespread scarring effects emerge due to firm closures and extended unemployment,” she said.

Indonesian Minister of Finance Sri Mulyani Indrawati on Tuesday said up to 3.78 million Indonesians will fall into poverty and 5.2 million will lose their jobs during the pandemic, reported The Jakarta Post.

The virus-hit Chinese economy, second only to the US in size, likely contracted for the first time in around three decades in the first quarter, showed an AFP poll of economists on Wednesday.

With tentative hope the pandemic could be past its peak in some European hotspots, many countries are gradually lifting restrictions – to mixed reception.

Italy, one of the hardest-hit nations, allowed bookshops, launderettes, stationers and children’s clothing retailers to re-open, but many business owners chose to stay shut.

Spain has allowed work to restart in some factories and construction sites, Denmark opened schools on Wednesday after a month-long closure while Germany was expected to ease some lockdown measures.

Also on Wednesday, the EU was poised to suggest a coordinated “road map” for member states to exit the lockdown.

Citizens elsewhere, however, braced for several more weeks of restrictions – including in India, whose 1.3 billion people will remain in lockdown until May 3 despite uproar from millions of unsupported poor.

As the virus appeared to be on the retreat in some parts of richer Europe, it is slowly taking hold in Africa, which has seen 15,000 cases and 800 deaths continent-wide – with fears over growing hunger and possible social unrest.

“A lockdown is unenforceable and unsustainable across much of Africa,” said Jakkie Cilliers at the Pretoria-based Institute for Security Studies.

“You are trying to do something that is not possible, and you are condemning people to a choice between starving and getting sick. It’s not possible for 10 people living in a tin shack . . . to not go outside for three weeks,” he said.

A similar crisis is emerging in Ecuador, where hunger trumps fear of the virus for residents in rundown areas of the badly affected city of Guayaquil.

“The police come with a whip to send people running, but how do you say to a poor person ‘Stay home’ if you don’t have enough to eat?” said Carlos Valencia, a 35-year-old teacher.

Meanwhile, the UN on Tuesday warned that around 117 million children worldwide risk contracting measles because dozens of countries are curtailing their vaccination programmes as they battle Covid-19.

Currently, 24 countries, including several already dealing with large measles outbreaks, have suspended widespread vaccinations, the WHO and the UN’s children’s fund UNICEF said.

An additional 13 countries have had their vaccination programmes interrupted due to Covid-19.